Türkmenbaşy, previously known as Shagadam, Krasnovodsk, and Kyzyl-Su, is a major port city in Balkan Province in western Turkmenistan, on the Türkmenbaşy Gulf of the Caspian Sea. It sits at an elevation of 27 meters and has a population of 86,800, made up mainly of ethnic Turkmens alongside Russian, Armenian, and Azerbaijani communities. The city is the terminus of the Trans-Caspian Railway and the site of a major Caspian seaport, as well as Turkmenistan largest oil refining complex.
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