Sultanate of Rum

The Sultanate of Rum, or Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, was a Turco-Persian, Sunni Muslim state that the Seljuk Turks established over conquered Byzantine territory in Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. It seceded from the Seljuk Empire under Suleiman ibn Qutalmish in 1077, with its capital first at Nicaea and then at Iconium. It reached the height of its power in the late 12th and early 13th century, taking key Byzantine ports on the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts, and developed trade through Anatolia with a system of caravanserai. It succumbed to the Mongol invasion at the Battle of Kose Dag in 1243 and was ended by Karamanid conquest in 1308.