Conimbriga is one of the largest Roman settlements excavated in Portugal and the country's best-preserved Roman city, though only about a tenth of the site had been excavated as of 2005. Located in Condeixa-a-Nova municipality near Coimbra, it began as an Iron Age settlement of the Castro culture and the Conii people before Roman arrival around 139 BC, and was elevated to the status of municipium under Emperor Vespasian between AD 69 and 79, reaching an estimated population of about 10,600. The city was destroyed around AD 465 to 468 when Suebi invasions scattered its inhabitants, and it survives today as a Portuguese National Monument protected since 1910.
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