Ende

Ende is the seat of Ende Regency in East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia, on the southern coast of Flores Island, with an estimated population of 89,519 in mid-2024 across 62.47 square kilometers. Site of a kingdom in the late 18th century and of resistance to Dutch colonial rule in the wars of Watu Api and Mari Longa of 1916 to 1917, it is best known as the place where Indonesia's future president Sukarno was exiled in 1934 and conceived Pancasila, the country's founding philosophy, while sitting under a breadfruit tree.