Halicarnassus

Halicarnassus was an ancient city in Caria, on the Gulf of Gokova in southwestern Anatolia, on the site of what is now Bodrum, Turkey. It is renowned as the location of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, the tomb of Mausolus built between about 353 and 350 BC and counted among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, whose name became the source of the modern word mausoleum; uniquely among Greek cities in the region it retained a monarchy after neighboring city-states abandoned the practice and stayed loyal to Persian rule during the Ionian Revolt, was the birthplace of the historian Herodotus, who fled the city around 457 BC amid political turmoil, and fell to Alexander the Great's siege in 333 BC, after which it never fully recovered, being described by Cicero as nearly deserted.