Kalgoorlie, part of the twin city of Kalgoorlie-Boulder in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia, was established in 1893 after Patrick Hannan discovered gold there that June, quickly surpassing nearby Coolgardie. Its 2021 census population was 29,072, down from a recent peak of 32,966 in 2013, and mining remains its dominant industry, centred on the Super Pit, an open-cut gold mine 3.6 kilometres long and more than 600 metres deep that was for years Australia's largest. The town is also the terminus of the historic Goldfields Water Supply Scheme, engineered by C. Y. O'Connor to pipe water from Mundaring Weir near Perth.
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