South African Republic

The South African Republic, also known as the Transvaal Republic, was a landlocked independent Boer republic in Southern Africa that existed from 1852 to 1902, with Pretoria as its capital. It was founded after the 1852 Sand River Convention, in which Britain formally recognised the independence of the Boers living north of the Vaal River. Relations with Britain deteriorated as the Cape Colony expanded inland and led to the First Boer War, whose Boer victory confirmed its independence. Fresh tensions led to the Second Boer War in 1899, and in 1902 the republic was annexed into the British Empire.