Geography Atlas

Where Everything Happened
Sign In
Text size
100%
Theme
Continent

Africa

The second-largest continent by both area and population, straddling the equator between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Africa holds the world's largest hot desert, the Sahara, in its north, and the world's largest tropical rainforest outside South America, the Congo Basin, along its equatorial belt. It is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Red Sea and Indian Ocean to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south, and is joined to Asia at the Sinai Peninsula. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Facts
Area (sq km)
30,370,000 1
National Geographic Atlas of the World figure; continental area estimates vary slightly by source depending on where offshore islands and maritime boundaries are drawn.
Population
1,393,676,444 1
2021 estimate, Wikipedia infobox (2nd most populous continent).
Highest Point
Uhuru Peak, Mount Kilimanjaro 2
Highest Elevation (m)
5895 2
Lowest Point
Lake Assal, Djibouti 3
Country Count
54 1
Excludes eight cities and islands under non-African sovereignty and two states with limited or no international recognition; the count varies slightly by source depending on how partially-recognised states are treated.
Tectonic Plate Context
African Plate 4
Africa

Countries

Regions

Connections

Associated With

Asia, Continents

This source names Asia directly: "the west and south, and is joined to Asia at the Sinai Peninsula."

Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
East Africa, Regions
Source Africa (Wikipedia)
North Africa, Regions
Source Africa (Wikipedia)

This source names South America directly: "largest tropical rainforest outside South America, the Congo Basin, along its equatorial belt."

Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Source Africa (Wikipedia)

This source names Africa directly: "the Americas from Europe and Africa and connecting the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south."

Source National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Source Africa (Wikipedia)
Source Africa (Wikipedia)
Source Africa (Wikipedia)

This source names Africa directly: "Iran, at the meeting point of Asia, Africa and Europe."

Source Encyclopaedia Britannica

Open Questions

In the Other Atlases
Sources
1. Africa (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation
  • introduction, sovereign states count
    It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states, eight cities and islands that are part of non-African states, and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition.
  • Introduction, continent overview
    Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia.
  • Lead paragraph, first sentence
    Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.
  • Infobox, Area
    30,370,000 km2 (11,730,000 sq mi)
  • Infobox, Population (2021 estimate)
    1,393,676,444 [2021; 2nd]
  • Associated With: The Mediterranean Sea, Geography section, bordering waters
    The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Arabian plate and the Gulf of Aqaba to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.
  • Associated With: The Atlantic Ocean, Geography section, bordering waters
    The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Arabian plate and the Gulf of Aqaba to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.
  • Associated With: The Indian Ocean, Geography section, bordering waters
    The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Arabian plate and the Gulf of Aqaba to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.
  • Associated With: North Africa, History, Prehistory section
    evidence of early human settlement found in southern Africa, Southeast Africa, North Africa, and the Sahara.
  • Associated With: Southern Africa, History, Prehistory section
    evidence of early human settlement found in southern Africa, Southeast Africa, North Africa, and the Sahara.
  • Associated With: East Africa, History, Central, Eastern and Southern Africa section
    the other went south and spread across Eastern and Southern Africa.
View the Source
2. Mount Kilimanjaro (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundationopening paragraph, highest point
Quote, opening paragraph, highest point
It is the highest mountain in Africa and the highest free-standing mountain above sea level in the world, at 5,895 m (19,341 ft) above sea level.
View the Source
3. Lake Assal, Djibouti (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationLead section
Quote, Lead section
Lake Assal is a saline lake that lies 155 m (509 ft) below sea level...making it the lowest point on land in Africa
View the Source
4. List of Tectonic Plates (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAfrican Plate entry
Quote, African Plate entry
Tectonic plate underlying Africa, 61,300,000 km2 (23,700,000 sq mi)
View the Source
Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
  • britannica.com/place/Africa, main article body (Land section, opening paragraph on total land area and extremities)
    Africa’s total land area is approximately 11,724,000 square miles (30,365,000 square km), and the continent measures about 5,000 miles (8,000 km) from north to south and about 4,600 miles (7,400 km) from east to west. Its northern extremity is Al-Ghīrān Point, near Al-Abyaḍ Point (Cape Blanc), Tunisia; its southern extremity is Cape Agulhas, South Africa; its farthest point east is Xaafuun (Hafun) Point, near Cape Gwardafuy (Guardafui), Somalia; and its western extremity is Almadi Point (Pointe des Almadies), on Cape Verde (Cap Vert), Senegal. In the northeast, Africa was joined to Asia by the Sinai Peninsula until the construction of the Suez Canal. Paradoxically, the coastline of Africa-18,950 miles (30,500 km) in length-is shorter than that of Europe, because there are few inlets and few large bays or gulfs.
  • Home To: The Sahel
  • Home To: The Mediterranean Sea
  • Home To: The Nile
  • Home To: Cairo
  • Home To: West Africa
  • Home To: North Africa, North Africa
  • Home To: Southern Africa, Southern Africa
  • Home To: The Congo Basin
  • Home To: South Africa
  • Home To: Egypt
  • Home To: Mali
View the Source
National Geographic Atlas of the World
National Geographic Society, 2019World continents area table
The World Factbook
Central Intelligence AgencyAfrica, population summaryView the Source
United States Geological Survey
United States Geological SurveyHome To: The Great Rift ValleyView the Source
Kenya (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: KenyaView the Source
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Democratic Republic of the CongoView the Source
Serengeti (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: The SerengetiView the Source
Maghreb (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: The MaghrebView the Source
Atlantic Ocean (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: The Atlantic Ocean, Lead section, ocean basin boundaries paragraph
Quote, Home To: The Atlantic Ocean, Lead section, ocean basin boundaries paragraph
The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west.
View the Source
The Atlas Mountains (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: The Atlas Mountains, Lead section
Quote, Home To: The Atlas Mountains, Lead section
The Atlas Mountains are a mountain range in the Maghreb in North Africa. They separate the Sahara from the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean; the mountain range stretches around 2,500 km (1,600 mi) through Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. The range's highest peak is Toubkal, in central Morocco, with an elevation of 4,167 metres (13,671 ft). The Atlas Mountains are primarily inhabited by Berber populations.
View the Source
The Kalahari Desert (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: The Kalahari Desert, Lead section
Quote, Home To: The Kalahari Desert, Lead section
The Kalahari Desert is a large semiarid sandy savanna in Southern Africa covering 900,000 km2 (350,000 sq mi), extending into Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. Unlike a true desert, much of the Kalahari supports grasses, thorny shrubs and scattered trees, and is home to substantial wildlife populations despite its low and unpredictable rainfall.
View the Source
The Namib Desert (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: The Namib Desert, Lead section
Quote, Home To: The Namib Desert, Lead section
The Namib is a coastal desert in Southern Africa. According to the broadest definition, the Namib stretches for more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) along the Atlantic coasts of Angola, Namibia and northwest South Africa, extending up to 200 kilometres inland from the coast to the base of the Great Escarpment. Its name derives from a Nama word meaning "vast place," and it is considered the oldest desert in the world.
View the Source
The Ethiopian Highlands (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: The Ethiopian Highlands, Lead section
Quote, Home To: The Ethiopian Highlands, Lead section
The Ethiopian Highlands, also known as the Abyssinian Highlands, is a rugged mass of mountains extending from Ethiopia to Eritrea in Northeast Africa. It forms the largest continuous area of its elevation on the continent, with little of its surface falling below 1,500 m (4,900 ft), while its summits reach heights of up to 4,550 m (14,930 ft). It is sometimes called the "Roof of Africa" due to its height and large area. This elevated surface is bisected diagonally by the Great East African Rift System, which extends from Syria to Mozambique across the East African Great Lakes.
View the Source
Danakil Depression (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Danakil Depression, Lead section
Quote, Home To: Danakil Depression, Lead section
The Danakil Depression is a large valley of approximately 200 by 50 km (124 by 31 mi), across the north of the Afar Region of Ethiopia and Eritrea.
View the Source
Fish River Canyon (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Fish River Canyon, Lead section
Quote, Home To: Fish River Canyon, Lead section
is located in the south of Namibia.
View the Source
Orange River (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Orange River, Lead section
Quote, Home To: Orange River, Lead section
It rises in the Drakensberg mountains in Lesotho, flowing westwards through South Africa to the Atlantic Ocean. The river forms part of the international borders between South Africa and Lesotho and between South Africa and Namibia.
View the Source
Open Questions (1 open question)
Does Africa have 54 countries or 55, depending on whether Western Sahara counts as a sovereign state?

Africa is conventionally counted as 54 fully recognized sovereign states. Western Sahara, claimed by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and administered in large part by Morocco as its Southern Provinces, is a member of the African Union but is not universally recognized as an independent country, so whether it counts as Africa's fifty-fifth state depends on which recognition standard a source applies.

What would resolve this A settlement of Western Sahara's sovereignty dispute, whether through independence, recognized integration into Morocco, or a decisive referendum, would fix the count; short of that, the number depends on which body's recognition standard is used.
Political geographyAfrica (Wikipedia)
Frequently Asked Questions

What is the world's largest hot desert, and which continent is it on?

The Sahara, in northern Africa.

The Sahara, in the north of Africa, is the world's largest hot desert. Africa also holds the world's largest tropical rainforest outside South America, the Congo Basin, along its equatorial belt.

Take a Related Quiz

Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.
Reader Challenges (0)
No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.