A group of 57 former sovereign states, empires, kingdoms, dynasties, city-states and other polities that once existed in Europe but no longer exist in that form today, among them the Soviet Union, the Holy Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of France, the Kingdom of England and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Each member state is attested by its own cited source and carries a SubLabel giving its historical dates and the region it occupied. Because member states span every European UN M49 subregion (Western, Eastern, Northern, Southern and Central Europe) across many centuries, no single subregion group could hold them without misclassifying a state that outlived, predated or crossed subregion boundaries; this group is anchored under Western Europe, the single largest represented subregion among its members, purely as a navigational home, not as a claim that every member state sat inside that one subregion.