Physical Processes
Desert Varnish Formation
Geomorphology
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The gradual coating of exposed rock surfaces in arid regions with a thin, dark patina of clay minerals cemented by manganese and iron oxides, built up over long periods as windblown dust settles on the rock and is chemically altered, likely with the aid of surface microorganisms. The varnish's slow, steady accumulation has made it a subject of study for dating rock surfaces and the petroglyphs and geoglyphs desert peoples have carved through it.
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