Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park is the smallest of the three German Wadden Sea national parks, protecting an exclave of the city-state of Hamburg roughly 12.5 kilometers from Cuxhaven in the Elbe estuary on the North Sea. It covers the islands of Neuwerk, Scharhorn and Nigehorn, along with sand and mixed mudflats threaded by shallow creeks, sandbars called Plaaten, and dune islands. Established on April 9, 1990, the park was designated a Ramsar wetland the same year and was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2011 in recognition of its intact intertidal ecosystem, its importance as a breeding ground for many bird species, and its exceptionally high biodiversity.
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