Sierra de Guadarrama National Park protects about 34,000 hectares of the Guadarrama mountain range, part of the Sistema Central, across the Community of Madrid and the Segovia and Avila provinces of Castile and Leon. It was designated on June 26, 2013, making it the fifth largest of Spain's national parks, following decades of proposals dating back to the 1920s and building on earlier protections such as the Penalara Natural Park established in 1990. The park protects eleven distinct ecosystems and more than 1,280 recorded species, representing an estimated 45 percent of Spain's fauna and 18 percent of Europe's, alongside forests of Scots pine, oak, and juniper among more than 1,500 plant species. Wolves have recently returned to the range after a 70 year absence, and the park is also home to deer, wild boar, and golden eagles.
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