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Afghanistan

Also Known As Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
Southern Asia

Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east. Following the Third Anglo-Afghan War, the Treaty of Rawalpindi of 19 August 1919 saw Afghanistan declared a sovereign and fully independent state. Its capital is Kabul.

Facts
Capital
Kabul 2
Population
35,000,000 2
Source gives a wide mid-2024/2025 estimate range of 35 to 50 million rather than a point figure; the lower bound of that stated range is recorded here.
Population Estimate Year
2025 2
Area (sq km)
652,864 2
Independence or Founding Year
1919 2
Following the Third Anglo-Afghan War, the Treaty of Rawalpindi of 19 August 1919 saw Emir Amanullah Khan declare Afghanistan a sovereign and fully independent state, ending British control over its foreign affairs; the modern Afghan state itself traces to the Durrani Empire founded in the 18th century, a separate and much older event.
Landlocked
Yes 3
Income Group
Low 4
Classification
Sovereignty Status
UN Member State 1
Afghanistan

Regions

Cities

FAQs

What is the landscape of Afghanistan like?

The Hindu Kush divides Afghanistan into the central highlands, the northern plains and the southwestern plateau.

The outstanding geographic feature of Afghanistan is its mountain range, the Hindu Kush. Along with its subsidiary ranges, it divides the country into three distinct geographic regions: the central highlands, the northern plains, and the southwestern plateau.
Connections

Associated With

Hindu Kush, Landforms
Kabul, Cities

Kabul is Afghanistan's capital.

Source Kabul (Wikipedia)

Kabul Province is associated with Afghanistan.

Source Kabul Province (Wikipedia)

Borders

China, Countries
Source CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Afghanistan
Iran, Countries
Source CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Afghanistan
Pakistan, Countries
Source CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Afghanistan
Tajikistan, Countries
Source CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Afghanistan
Source CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Afghanistan
Uzbekistan, Countries
Source CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Afghanistan

Has Capital

Kabul, Cities

Kabul is Afghanistan's capital.

Source Kabul (Wikipedia)

Long-Form Articles

Rivers Through Territory

In the Other Atlases

Same As

Also in Political Atlas: the same subject.

Nationals Include

Also in Law Atlas: a national of this subject.

Also in Law Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Abdul Salam Azimi (Wikipedia)Lead paragraph of the cited Wikipedia articletier 2
Quote, Lead paragraph of the cited Wikipedia article
Abdul Salam Azimi (1936 – January 2026) was an Afghan judge who was the Chief Justice of Afghanistan and, as such, the head of the Supreme Court of Afghanistan from August 2006 to October 2014, when he resigned his position.

Also in Law Atlas: a national of this subject.

Also in Political Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Hasan Akhund (Wikipedia)Leadtier 2
Quote, Lead
Muhammad Hasan Akhund Kakar (born c. 1945–1958) is an Afghan politician and cleric who has been serving as the 27th prime minister of Afghanistan since 2025, having previously served in this role on an interim basis from 2021.

Also in Political Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Hibatullah Akhundzada (Wikipedia)Leadtier 2
Quote, Lead
Hibatullah Akhundzada (born 20 October 1967) is an Afghan politician and cleric who is serving as the supreme leader of Afghanistan under the Taliban government.

Also in Political Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Mullah Omar (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
Muhammad Umar Mujahid (c. 1950 to 1962 – 23 April 2013), commonly known as Mullah Omar or Muhammad Omar, was an Afghan militant and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001.

Also in Sport and Games Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Mansur Faqiryar (Wikipedia)Lead, nationality
Quote, Lead, nationality
is an Afghan former footballer who played as a goalkeeper

Also in Sport and Games Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Nadia Nadim (Wikipedia)Lead paragraph [nationality 2]
Quote, Lead paragraph [nationality 2]
Born in Afghanistan

Also in Sport and Games Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Sherkhan Farnood (Wikipedia)Lead, nationality
Quote, Lead, nationality
was an Afghan banker

Origin Of

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Afghan Cuisine (Wikipedia)tier 2

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source CooksInfo: AsafoetidaEncyclopaedia entry text
Quote, Encyclopaedia entry text
Asafoetida is native to Afghanistan and Iran.

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Kabuli Pulao (Wikipedia)tier 3

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Also in History Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Ahmad Shah Durrani

Also in History Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Also in History Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Nur Jahan

Also in Society and Culture Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Also in Society and Culture Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Jirga (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
It is conducted in order to settle disputes among the Pashtuns, but also by members of other ethnic groups who are influenced by them in present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Also in Society and Culture Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Also in Society and Culture Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Sultan (Wikipedia)Article texttier 2
Quote, Article text
The first major figure to clearly grant himself this title was the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud (r. 998–1030 CE) who controlled an empire over present-day Afghanistan and the surrounding region.

Location Of

Also in War and Military Atlas: which took place in this subject.

Also in War and Military Atlas: which took place in this subject.

Source First Anglo-Afghan War - WikipediaInfobox: location
Quote, Infobox: location
Afghanistan

Also in War and Military Atlas: which took place in this subject.

Source Second Anglo-Afghan War - WikipediaInfobox: location
Quote, Infobox: location
Afghanistan

Also in War and Military Atlas: which took place in this subject.

Source Wikipedia: Soviet-Afghan WarInfobox: locationtier 4
Quote, Infobox: location
Afghanistan

Also in War and Military Atlas: which took place in this subject.

Source Third Anglo-Afghan War - WikipediaInfobox: location
Quote, Infobox: location
North-West Frontier of British India and Afghanistan

Also in War and Military Atlas: which took place in this subject.

Source War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
The war in Afghanistan was a prolonged armed conflict from 2001 to 2021.

Also in War and Military Atlas: which took place in this subject.

Source War on terror (Wikipedia)Lead, main theater
Quote, Lead, main theater
with the main theater in Afghanistan and Pakistan

Also in War and Military Atlas: which took place in this subject.

Source Wikipedia: Wars of Alexander the GreatInfobox: locationtier 4
Quote, Infobox: location
Greece, Illyria, Thrace, Danube Delta, Anatolia, Syria, Phoenicia (Palestine), Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Afghanistan, Sogdia, Bactria, India

Site Of

Also in Architecture and Design Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Also in Architecture and Design Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Source Wikipedia

Also in Business Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Also in Business Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Ariana Afghan Airlinestier 2

Also in Divinity Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Also in Divinity Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Also in Divinity Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Also in Economics Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Also in Economics Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Also in Economics Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Found There

Also in Agriculture and Farming Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Karnal Bunt (Wikipedia)Article text
Quote, Article text
Since then, the disease has been reported in all major wheat-growing states of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Mexico, and certain areas of the Southwestern United States such as New Mexico, Arizona, and parts of Texas.

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Corundum (Wikipedia)Geology and occurrence
Quote, Geology and occurrence
Corundum for abrasives is mined in Zimbabwe, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Russia, Sri Lanka, and India.

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Great Pamir

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Little Pamir

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Pamir Mountains

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Panjshir Valley

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Shighnan

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Language Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Law Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Constitution of Afghanistan

Also in Law Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Law of Afghanistan (Wikipedia)

Also in Law Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Supreme Court of Afghanistan (Wikipedia)

Also in Law Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Treaty of Gandamak (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
The Afghan emir Mohammad Yaqub Khan ceded various frontier areas as well as Afghanistan's control of its foreign affairs to the British Raj.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

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Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

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Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Asian long-fingered bat (Mammal Diversity Database)Species page, Country distribution
Quote, Species page, Country distribution
Afghanistan · Brunei

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Balochistan gerbil (Wikipedia)Distribution and habitat, eastern population
Quote, Distribution and habitat, eastern population
A separate population is present in the Arabian Peninsula, the Middle East, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northwestern India.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Global Biodiversity Information Facility: GBIF species distributions: Barley (Hordeum vulgare)Distributions
Quote, Distributions
"locality": "Afghanistan", "source": "Catalogue of Life"

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

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Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Carrhotus xanthogramma (Wikipedia)Distribution
Quote, Distribution
Its distribution is palearctic, including a portion of Europe (Portugal, Spain, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Germany, Poland, Hungary, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, North Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece), in Turkey, Caucasus, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Russia, China, Mongolia, South Korea and Japan.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Chinkara (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
The chinkara (Gazella bennettii), also known as the Indian gazelle, is a gazelle species native to India, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

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Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Showing 1 to 50 of 149 in Found There, page 1 of 3.

Sources
1. Member States of the United Nations (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIntroduction
Quote, Introduction
The United Nations comprise 193 sovereign states and the world's largest intergovernmental organization.
View the Source
2. Afghanistan (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Infobox
    Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
  • Infobox, capital
    Kabul
  • Lead section
    Occupying 652,864 square kilometers (252,072 sq mi) of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains in the north and the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range.
  • Infobox: population_estimate_year
    mid-2024/2025
  • History section, independence
    Following the end of the Third Anglo-Afghan War and the signing of the Treaty of Rawalpindi on 19 August 1919, Emir Amanullah Khan declared the Emirate of Afghanistan a sovereign and fully independent state.
  • Introduction
    Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east.
View the Source
3. CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Afghanistan
CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive)
  • Geography, Coastline
    0 km (landlocked)
  • Borders: China, Geography, Land boundaries, border countries
    China 91 km
  • Borders: Iran, Geography, Land boundaries, border countries
    Iran 921 km
  • Borders: Pakistan, Geography, Land boundaries, border countries
    Pakistan 2,670 km
  • Borders: Tajikistan, Geography, Land boundaries, border countries
    Tajikistan 1,357 km
  • Borders: Turkmenistan, Geography, Land boundaries, border countries
    Turkmenistan 804 km
  • Borders: Uzbekistan, Geography, Land boundaries, border countries
    Uzbekistan 144 km
View the Source
4. World Bank Open Data: World Bank Open Data, country list with income level
World Bank Open DataCountry record AFG, incomeLevel
Quote, Country record AFG, incomeLevel
"name": "Afghanistan", "region": { "id": "MEA", "iso2code": "ZQ", "value": "Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan \u0026 Pakistan" }, "adminregion": { "id": "MNA", "iso2code": "XQ", "value": "Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan \u0026 Pakistan (excluding high income)" }, "incomeLevel": { "id": "LIC", "iso2code": "XM", "value": "Low income" }
View the Source
Wikidata: Afghanistan
Wikidata Q889, class allow-list match (w-wdresolver-0926)View the Source
Kabul (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Associated With: Kabul, Lead section
  • Has Capital: Kabul, Lead section, capital fact
    Kabul is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan.
View the Source
Band-e Amir National Park (Wikidata)
Wikimedia FoundationEncompasses: Band-e Amir National Park, Wikidata item, property P17 (country)View the Source
Hazarajat (Wikipedia)
Encompasses: Hazarajat, Lead sentence
Quote, Encompasses: Hazarajat, Lead sentence
a mostly mountainous region in the central highlands of Afghanistan
View the Source
Bamyan (Wikipedia)
Encompasses: Bamyan, Lead, first sentence
Quote, Encompasses: Bamyan, Lead, first sentence
Bamyan, also spelled as Bamiyan or Bamian (Dari, Pashto: بامیان), is a city in central Afghanistan, serving as the capital of Bamyan Province.
View the Source
Farah, Afghanistan (Wikipedia)
Encompasses: Farah, Afghanistan, Lead
Quote, Encompasses: Farah, Afghanistan, Lead
Farah (Pashto, Dari: فراه) is a city in western Afghanistan that serves as the capital of Farah Province.
View the Source
Farah Province (Wikipedia)
Encompasses: Farah Province, Lead
Quote, Encompasses: Farah Province, Lead
Farah (Pashto, Dari: فراه) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the western part of the country on the border with Iran.
View the Source
Bamyan Province (Wikipedia)
Encompasses: Bamyan Province, Lead
Quote, Encompasses: Bamyan Province, Lead
is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan
View the Source
Kabul Province (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationEncompasses: Kabul Province, Lead paragraph
Quote, Encompasses: Kabul Province, Lead paragraph
Kabul is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan,
View the Source

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