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Sudan

Also Known As Republic of the Sudan
Northern Africa

Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the southeast, and South Sudan to the south. Sudan was declared an independent state on 1 January 1956. Its capital is Khartoum. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Facts
Capital
Khartoum 2
Population
51,767,437 2
2025 estimate.
Population Estimate Year
2025 2
Area (sq km)
1,886,068 2
Independence or Founding Year
1956 2
Sudan was declared an independent state on 1 January 1956, ending the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan condominium of the United Kingdom and Egypt.
Landlocked
No 3
Income Group
Low 4
Government Type
Republic 3
Classification
Sovereignty Status
UN Member State 1
Sudan

Cities

Connections

Associated With

Khartoum, Cities
Source Khartoum (Wikipedia)
Nile Basin, Landforms
Nubia, Regions

Nubia runs from the Nile confluence near Khartoum in central Sudan.

Source Nubia (Wikipedia)
The Sahel, Regions

Held Differently

The Horn of Africa, Regions

Why this is disputed. Wikipedia's Horn of Africa article states the peninsula proper is composed of Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Eritrea, and separately notes: Although not common, some broader geopolitical definitions include parts or all of Kenya and Sudan. Recorded here under the wider, less common classification.

Source Horn of Africa (Wikipedia)

Bordered By Water

Source CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Central African Republic
Ethiopia, Countries
Source CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Ethiopia
South Sudan, Countries
Source CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: South Sudan

Has Capital

Khartoum, Cities

Khartoum is the capital of Sudan.

Source Khartoum (Wikipedia)

Rivers Through Territory

Source Nile (Wikipedia)
In the Other Atlases

Same As

Also in Political Atlas: the same subject.

Nationals Include

Also in Arts and Music Atlas: a national of this subject.

Also in Film and Media Atlas: a national of this subject.

Also in Law Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Nemat Abdullah Khair - WikipediaLead paragraph of the cited Wikipedia article
Quote, Lead paragraph of the cited Wikipedia article
Nemat Abdullah Mohamed Khair (Arabic: نعمات عبدالله محمد خير; other transliterations: Neemat, Nimat, Abdallah; born 1957) is a Sudanese judge of the Sudanese Supreme Court who became Chief Justice of Sudan (head of the Sudanese judiciary) on 10 October 2019 until 15 May 2021.

Also in Literature Atlas: a national of this subject.

Also in Political Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: SudanGovernment, Executive branch, chief of state
Quote, Government, Executive branch, chief of state
General Abd-al-Fattah al-BURHAN Abd-al-Rahman (since 11 November 2021)

Also in Political Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Kamil Idris (Wikipedia)Leadtier 2
Quote, Lead
Kamil El-Tayeb Idris Abdelhafiz (Arabic: كامل الطيب إدريس, romanized: Kamil Altayib 'Iidris; born 26 August 1954) is a Sudanese politician and civil servant who has been the 16th prime minister of Sudan since 2025.

Also in Political Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Salva Kiir (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
Salva Kiir Mayardit (born 13 September 1951) is a South Sudanese politician who has served as the President of South Sudan since its independence on 9 July 2011.

Also in Sport and Games Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Ismail Ahmed Ismail (Wikipedia)Lead, nationality
Quote, Lead, nationality
is a Sudanese middle-distance runner

Origin Of

Also in Film and Media Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Shahan ful (Wikipedia)Lead sentence [origin-region]
Quote, Lead sentence [origin-region]
Believed to originate from Sudan

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source The Oxford Companion to FoodAlan Davidsontier 1

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Watermelon (Wikipedia)

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Also in Literature Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Wikipedia: Season of Migration to the Northtier 2

Also in War and Military Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Kaskara (source article)Infobox: origin
Quote, Infobox: origin
Chad, Eritrea, and Sudan

Location Of

Also in War and Military Atlas: which took place in this subject.

Source First Congo War - WikipediaInfobox: location
Quote, Infobox: location
Zaire, with spillovers into Uganda and Sudan

Site Of

Also in Architecture and Design Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Source Meroë - Wikipedia

Also in Architecture and Design Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Also in Divinity Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Also in Education Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Source Sudan University of Science and Technology (country source)

Also in Education Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Source University of Khartoum (country source)

Also in Language Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Found There

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Gambian sun squirrel (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
It is found in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, and Zambia.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Greater Egyptian gerbil (Wikipedia)Distribution and habitat
Quote, Distribution and habitat
Its range extends from Mauritania and Mali eastwards through Niger and Chad to Sudan, Egypt and the Sinai Peninsula.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Greater mouse-tailed bat (Wikipedia)Range and habitat, Sudan
Quote, Range and habitat, Sudan
It is found in Algeria, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, the Central African Republic, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Iraq, Jordan, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan, Thailand, Tunisia, Western Sahara, and Yemen.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Grivet (Wikipedia)Lead, range
Quote, Lead, range
the grivet is restricted to Ethiopia, Sudan, Djibouti, and Eritrea

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Guinea multimammate mouse (Wikipedia)Lead, where it lives
Quote, Lead, where it lives
found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, and Uganda

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Günther's dik-dik (Wikipedia)Distribution and habitat, where it lives
Quote, Distribution and habitat, where it lives
The species is found in the lowlands of Ethiopia, most of the northern and eastern regions of Kenya, Somalia excluding specific regions of the coast, limited regions of southeastern Sudan, and northeastern Uganda.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Mammal Diversity Database: Taphozous hamiltoni - Mammal Diversity DatabaseCountry distribution, Sudan
Quote, Country distribution, Sudan
Country distribution Chad · Kenya · Somalia · South Sudan · Sudan · Tanzania · Uganda

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Hammer-headed bat (Wikipedia)Distribution, Sudan
Quote, Distribution, Sudan
It has a wide range in West and Central Africa, including the following countries: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, and Uganda.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Helicidae - WikipediaDistribution: Sudan
Quote, Distribution: Sudan
Levantina extends far south in western Arabia, and Eremina desertella is distributed as south as Sudan, Eritrea and Puntland in Somalia.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Heuglin's gazelle (Wikipedia)Lead, living or extinct
Quote, Lead, living or extinct
Heuglin's gazelle (Eudorcas tilonura) is a species of gazelle found east of the Nile River in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Sudan.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Hinde's rock rat (Wikipedia)Lead, range
Quote, Lead, range
found in Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Kemp's gerbil (Wikipedia)Lead, range
Quote, Lead, range
was found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, and possibly Liberia.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Khartoum gerbil (Wikipedia)Lead, range
Quote, Lead, range
is found mainly in Sudan

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Klipspringer (Wikipedia)Lead, where it lives
Quote, Lead, where it lives
Its range extends from northeastern Sudan, Eritrea, Somaliland and Ethiopia in the east to South Africa in the south, and along coastal Angola and Namibia.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Lappet-eared free-tailed bat (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
It is found in Benin, Burkina Faso

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Lesser Egyptian gerbil (Wikipedia)Distribution and habitat
Quote, Distribution and habitat
The lesser Egyptian gerbil is native to most of North Africa, its range extending from Morocco and Mauritania to Egypt, the Sinai Peninsula and southern Israel, and southward to northern Mali, northern Niger, northern Chad and Sudan.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Lesser mouse-tailed bat (Wikipedia)Distribution, Sudan
Quote, Distribution, Sudan
Africa : Algeria, Burkina Faso, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, Sudan and Tunisia.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Lowe's gerbil (Wikipedia)Lead, range in sudan
Quote, Lead, range in sudan
is distributed mainly in Sudan; Jebel Marra

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Mackilligin's gerbil (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
It occurs in the southeastern deserts of Egypt and Sudan, around the area of the Halaib Triangle.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Maned rat (Wikipedia)Habitat
Quote, Habitat
highland forests and woodlands of Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Mammal Diversity Database: Taphozous mauritianus - Mammal Diversity DatabaseCountry distribution, Sudan
Quote, Country distribution, Sudan
Country distribution Angola · Benin · Botswana · Cameroon · Central African Republic · Chad · Comoros · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Equatorial Guinea · Eswatini · Ethiopia · Gabon · Gambia · Ghana · Kenya · Madagascar · Malawi · Mauritius · Mayotte · Mozambique · Namibia · Nigeria · Republic of the Congo · Réunion · Senegal · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Somalia · South Africa · South Sudan · Sudan · São Tomé and Príncipe · Tanzania · Togo · Uganda · Zambia · Zimbabwe · Burundi? · Cote d'Ivoire? · Guinea? · Liberia? · Mali? · Mauritania? · Rwanda?

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Mongalla free-tailed bat (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
It is found in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Sudan, and Uganda.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Mongalla gazelle (Wikipedia)Habitat and distribution
Quote, Habitat and distribution
The Mongalla gazelle inhabits flood plains and flat savanna grasslands in southeastern Sudan, east of the Nile.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Mountain reedbuck (Wikipedia)Distribution and habitat, where it lives (2)
Quote, Distribution and habitat, where it lives (2)
Chanler's mountain reedbuck occurs in Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, and Ethiopia.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Mammal Diversity Database: Taphozous nudiventris - Mammal Diversity DatabaseCountry distribution, Sudan
Quote, Country distribution, Sudan
Country distribution Afghanistan · Algeria · Armenia · Azerbaijan · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Burkina Faso · Cape Verde · Chad · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Djibouti · Egypt · Eritrea · Ethiopia · Georgia · Ghana · India · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Jordan · Kenya · Lebanon · Mauritania · Morocco · Myanmar · Nepal · Niger · Nigeria · Oman · Pakistan · Palestine · Saudi Arabia · Senegal · Somalia · Sudan · Syria · Tanzania · Togo · Turkey · Turkmenistan · Uganda · United Arab Emirates · Yemen · Libya? · Qatar? · Tunisia?

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Neumann's grass rat (Wikipedia)Lead, range
Quote, Lead, range
It is found in Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, and possibly Kenya.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Nile lechwe (Wikipedia)Conservation
Quote, Conservation
In 1983, aerial surveys gave a total population estimate of 30,000-40,000 individuals, of which 95 percent were concentrated in the Sudds and the rest occurred between Sudan and Ethiopia.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Mammal Diversity Database: Hipposideros ruber (Mammal Diversity Database)Taxon page, Country distribution, Sudan
Quote, Taxon page, Country distribution, Sudan
South Sudan · Sudan · São Tomé and Príncipe

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source North African gerbil (Wikipedia)Distribution and habitat
Quote, Distribution and habitat
The North African gerbil is found in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia, and possibly Chad and Mauritania.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Nubian ibex (Wikipedia)Distribution
Quote, Distribution
Its range today is within Egypt, Jordan, Oman, Israel, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and Sudan.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Pale fox (Wikipedia)Lead, Sudan
Quote, Lead, Sudan
is a species of fox found in the band of African Sahel from Senegal in the west to Sudan in the east

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Peters's dwarf epauletted fruit bat (Wikipedia)Distribution, Sudan
Quote, Distribution, Sudan
It is found in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, and Zambia.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Pouched gerbil (Wikipedia)Range paragraph
Quote, Range paragraph
It is found across western Africa from Mauritania east to Sudan.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Principal gerbil (Wikipedia)Lead, range
Quote, Lead, range
distributed mainly in Sudan

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Pterinochilus chordatus (Wikipedia)Lead, northern limit
Quote, Lead, northern limit
from South Kordofan in Sudan in the north

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Red-flanked duiker (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
The red-flanked duiker (Cephalophorus rufilatus) is a species of small antelope found in western and central Africa in countries as far apart as Senegal and Sudan.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Rhim gazelle (Wikipedia)Lead, where it lives
Quote, Lead, where it lives
They are found in Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia and Libya, and possibly Chad, Mali, Niger, and Sudan.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Rosalinda gerbil (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
The Rosalinda gerbil (Gerbillus rosalinda) is distributed mainly central Sudan.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Rüppell's fox (Wikipedia)Distribution, Sudan
Quote, Distribution, Sudan
The species is also found in Algeria, central Niger, Libya, northern Chad, Egypt, southern Sudan, the arid lowlands of Ethiopia and northern Somalia.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Salt's dik-dik (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
Salt's dik-dik (Madoqua saltiana) is a small antelope found in semidesert, bushland, and thickets in the Horn of Africa, but marginally also in northern Kenya and eastern Sudan.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Savanna gerbil (Wikipedia)Lead, range
Quote, Lead, range
is a species of rodent found in Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Coleura gallarum (Mammal Diversity Database)Country distribution, Sudan
Quote, Country distribution, Sudan
Country distribution Djibouti · Eritrea · Ethiopia · Oman · Somalia · Sudan · Yemen

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Sudan gerbil (Wikipedia)Lead, range in sudan
Quote, Lead, range in sudan
is distributed mainly in central Sudan

Showing 51 to 100 of 112 in Found There, page 2 of 3.

Sources
1. Member States of the United Nations (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIntroduction
Quote, Introduction
The United Nations comprise 193 sovereign states and the world's largest intergovernmental organization.
View the Source
2. Sudan (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Infobox
    Republic of the Sudan
  • Infobox, capital
    Khartoum
  • Lead section
    Sudan has a population of 51.8 million people as of 2025 and occupies 1,886,068 square kilometres (728,215 square miles), making it Africa's third-largest country by area.
  • Demographics section, 2025
    2025 estimate 51,767,437
  • History section, independence
    On 1 January 1956, Sudan was declared an independent state.
  • Introduction
    Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the southeast, and South Sudan to the south.
View the Source
3. CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Sudan
CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive)
  • Geography, Coastline
    853 km
  • Government, Government type
    presidential republic
View the Source
4. World Bank Open Data: World Bank Open Data, country list with income level
World Bank Open DataCountry record SDN, incomeLevel
Quote, Country record SDN, incomeLevel
"name": "Sudan", "region": { "id": "SSF", "iso2code": "ZG", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa " }, "adminregion": { "id": "SSA", "iso2code": "ZF", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)" }, "incomeLevel": { "id": "LIC", "iso2code": "XM", "value": "Low income" }
View the Source
Wikidata: Sudan
Wikidata Q1049, class allow-list match (w-wdresolver-0926)View the Source
Nile (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationRivers Through Territory: The Nile, River Course section
Quote, Rivers Through Territory: The Nile, River Course section
The two rivers meet at the Sudanese capital, Khartoum.
View the Source
Khartoum (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Associated With: Khartoum, Infobox, Country
    Sudan
  • Has Capital: Khartoum, Lead section, capital fact
    Khartoum, also spelled Khartum, is the capital and most populous city of Sudan as well as Khartoum State.
View the Source
Horn of Africa (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: The Horn of Africa, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: The Horn of Africa, Lead section
Although not common, some broader geopolitical definitions include parts or all of Kenya and Sudan.
View the Source
Nubia (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Nubia, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Nubia, Lead section
a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between the confluence of the Blue and White Niles (near Khartoum in central Sudan) and the First Cataract (south of Aswan in southern Egypt).
View the Source
CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Ethiopia
CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive)Bordered By Water: Ethiopia, Geography, Land boundaries, border countries
Quote, Bordered By Water: Ethiopia, Geography, Land boundaries, border countries
Sudan 744 km
View the Source
CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: South Sudan
CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive)Bordered By Water: South Sudan, Geography, Land boundaries, border countries
Quote, Bordered By Water: South Sudan, Geography, Land boundaries, border countries
Sudan 2,158 km
View the Source
CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Central African Republic
CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive)Bordered By Water: Central African Republic, Geography, Land boundaries, border countries
Quote, Bordered By Water: Central African Republic, Geography, Land boundaries, border countries
Sudan 174 km
View the Source
Napata (Wikipedia)
Encompasses: Napata, Lead
Quote, Encompasses: Napata, Lead
at the site of modern Karima, Sudan
View the Source

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