The wearing away of bedrock and sediment by moving glacial ice, working through plucking, in which ice freezes onto joint-bounded blocks of rock and tears them free, and abrasion, in which rock fragments embedded in the ice's base grind and scratch the surface beneath. It is the dominant force carving U-shaped valleys, cirques and fjords in glaciated mountain landscapes.
Facts
Process Type Timescaleapproximately 100,000 years to form a U-shaped valley, mountain ranges erode over millions of years 1 Timescale
Timescale (category) Timescale (category) Glacial Erosion
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Source Arete Formation (Wikipedia)
Source Cirque Formation (Wikipedia)
Source Roche Moutonnee Formation (Wikipedia)
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Source Arete Formation (Wikipedia)
Source Baltoro Glacier (Wikipedia)
Source Cirque Formation (Wikipedia)
Source Great Bear Lake (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia, Hardangerfjord
Source Hudson River (Wikipedia)
Source Kenai Fjords National Park (Wikipedia)
Source Lake Argentino (Wikipedia)
Source Lake Geneva (Wikipedia)
Source Lake Ladoga (Wikipedia)
Source Lake Nahuel Huapi (Wikipedia)
Source Lake Onega (Wikipedia)
Source Lake Ontario (Wikipedia)
Source Lake Vanern (Wikipedia)
Source Loch Ness (Wikipedia)
Source Lysefjord (Wikipedia)
Source Naeroyfjord (Wikipedia)
Source Summit (Wikipedia)
Source Peninsula - Wikipedia
Source Glacial Horn Formation (Wikipedia)
Source Roche Moutonnee Formation (Wikipedia)
Source Scandinavian Peninsula (Wikipedia)
Source Sognefjord, Wikipedia
Source Summit (Wikipedia)
Source Tarn (lake) (Wikipedia)
Sources
1. Glacial erosion - Wikipedia
Glaciers section, processes sentence
Glaciers erode predominantly by three different processes: abrasion/scouring, plucking, and ice thrusting.
Glaciers section, timescale paragraph
Scientists also provide a numerical estimate of the time required for the ultimate formation of a steady-shaped U-shaped valley, approximately 100,000 years. Mountain ranges take millions of years to erode to the degree they effectively cease to exist.
View the SourceCirque Formation (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation- Causes: Cirque Formation
Shaped: Cirque, Lead paragraph
A cirque (French: [siʁk]; from the Latin word circus) is an amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion.
View the Source Arete Formation (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation- Causes: Arete Formation
Shaped: Arete, Lead
It is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys.
View the Source Roche Moutonnee Formation (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation- Causes: Roche Moutonnee Formation
Shaped: Roche Moutonnee, Lead paragraph
In glaciology, a roche moutonnée (or sheepback) is a rock formation created by the passing of a glacier.
View the Source Glacial Plucking (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia, Hardangerfjord
Wikimedia FoundationShaped: Hardangerfjord, Lead and sectionsQuote, Shaped: Hardangerfjord, Lead and sections
The valley was formed not only through glacial erosion but by the high pressure meltwater which pushed its way beneath the ice.
View the Source Sognefjord, Wikipedia
Shaped: Sognefjord, Lead and sectionsQuote, Shaped: Sognefjord, Lead and sections
The volume of the whole Sognefjorden including its various branches is about 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi), while the total volume of rock eroded by glaciers from the entire Sognefjord system and adjacent valleys is about 4,000 cubic kilometres (960 cu mi).
View the Source Lake Ontario (Wikipedia)
Shaped: Lake Ontario, Formation statement for target 287667Quote, Shaped: Lake Ontario, Formation statement for target 287667
The lake basin was carved out of soft, weak Silurian-age rocks by the Wisconsin ice sheet during the last ice age.
View the Source Great Bear Lake (Wikipedia)
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It was part of glacial Lake McConnell in the pre-glacial valleys reshaped by ice erosion during the Pleistocene.
View the Source Lake Ladoga (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationShaped: Lake Ladoga, Formation statement for target 287667Quote, Shaped: Lake Ladoga, Formation statement for target 287667
During the Pleistocene glaciations the depression was partially stripped of its sedimentary rock fill by glacial overdeepening.
View the Source Lake Onega (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationShaped: Lake Onega, Formation statement for target 287667Quote, Shaped: Lake Onega, Formation statement for target 287667
formed, like almost all lakes in northern Europe, through the carving activity of the inland ice sheets in the latter part of the last ice age, about 12,000 years ago
View the Source Lake Vanern (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationShaped: Lake Vanern, Formation statement for target 287667Quote, Shaped: Lake Vanern, Formation statement for target 287667
The southeastern part of the Vänern is a depression that appears to have been formed by erosion of Paleozoic-aged sedimentary rock during the Quaternary glaciation.
View the Source Neva (Wikipedia)
Shaped: Neva River, Formation statement for target 287667Quote, Shaped: Neva River, Formation statement for target 287667
Modern relief, eminences, were formed by glacial scouring.
View the Source Lake Argentino (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationShaped: Lake Argentino, Formation statement for target 287667Quote, Shaped: Lake Argentino, Formation statement for target 287667
The glaciers debouch into the lake at these sites, making "trenches" in the bedrock.
View the Source Lake Nahuel Huapi (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationShaped: Lake Nahuel Huapi, Formation statement for target 287667Quote, Shaped: Lake Nahuel Huapi, Formation statement for target 287667
The lake depression consists of several glacial valleys carved out along faults and Miocene valleys that were later dammed by moraines.
View the Source Summit (Wikipedia)
Shaped: Summit, Formation statement for target 287667
A pyramidal peak is an exaggerated form produced by ice erosion of a mountain top.
Shaped: Peak, Formation statement for target 287667
A pyramidal peak is an exaggerated form produced by ice erosion of a mountain top.
View the SourceScandinavian Peninsula (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationShaped: Scandinavian Peninsula, Formation statement for target 287667Quote, Shaped: Scandinavian Peninsula, Formation statement for target 287667
Most of the soil covering this substrate was scraped by glaciers during the Ice Ages of antiquity, especially in northern Scandinavia, where the Baltic Shield is closest to the surface of the land.
View the Source Naeroyfjord (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationShaped: Naeroyfjord, Geology sectionQuote, Shaped: Naeroyfjord, Geology section
Nærøyfjord was formed by glacial erosion during the Quaternary ice ages.
View the Source Lysefjord (Wikipedia)
Shaped: Lysefjord, Geology sectionQuote, Shaped: Lysefjord, Geology section
The fjord was carved by the action of glaciers in the ice ages and was flooded by the sea when the later glaciers retreated.
View the Source Tarn (lake) (Wikipedia)
Shaped: Tarn, LeadQuote, Shaped: Tarn, Lead
A tarn (or corrie loch) is a mountain lake, pond or pool, formed in a cirque (or "corrie") excavated by a glacier.
View the Source Peninsula - Wikipedia
WikipediaShaped: Peninsula, Formation and types sectionQuote, Shaped: Peninsula, Formation and types section
Peninsulas can be formed by continental drift, glacial erosion, glacial meltwater, glacial deposition, marine sediment, marine transgressions, volcanoes, divergent boundaries or river sedimentation.
View the Source Baltoro Glacier (Wikipedia)
Shaped: Baltoro Glacier, Geology and landscapeQuote, Shaped: Baltoro Glacier, Geology and landscape
Its steep sidewalls bear striations carved by moving ice, while depressions created by glacial movement hold numerous lakes.
View the Source Lake Geneva (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationShaped: Lake Geneva, GeographyQuote, Shaped: Lake Geneva, Geography
Lake Geneva is divided into three parts because of its different types of formation (tectonic folding, glacial erosion, sedimentation)
View the Source Glacial Horn Formation (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationShaped: Pyramidal Peak, Lead paragraphQuote, Shaped: Pyramidal Peak, Lead paragraph
A pyramidal peak, sometimes called a glacial horn in extreme cases, is an angular, sharply pointed mountain peak which results from cirque erosion caused by multiple glaciers diverging from a central point.
View the Source Fjord - Wikipedia
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In physical geography, a fjord ( FYORD, fee-ORD; also spelled fiord, a variant most common in New Zealand English) is a long, relatively narrow sea inlet with steep sides or cliffs in a valley created by a former glacier, which has since become inundated with water.
View the Source Hudson River (Wikipedia)
Shaped: Hudson River, Lead paragraphQuote, Shaped: Hudson River, Lead paragraph
The lower half of the river is a tidal estuary, deeper than the body of water into which it flows, occupying the Hudson Fjord, an inlet that was carved out by North American glaciers.
View the Source Loch Ness (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationShaped: Loch Ness, Lead paragraphQuote, Shaped: Loch Ness, Lead paragraph
Loch Ness lies along the Great Glen Fault, which forms a line of weakness in the rocks which has been excavated by glacial erosion, forming the Great Glen and the basins of Loch Lochy, Loch Oich and Loch Ness.
View the Source Kenai Fjords National Park (Wikipedia)
Shaped: Kenai Fjords, Lead paragraphQuote, Shaped: Kenai Fjords, Lead paragraph
The park contains the Harding Icefield, one of the largest ice fields in the United States, and is named for the numerous fjords carved by glaciers moving down the mountains from the ice field.
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