Country

Mongolia

Eastern Asia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Its terrain ranges from the Gobi Desert in the south to cold, mountainous regions in the north and west, part of the wider Mongolian Plateau. Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire here in 1206, which became the largest contiguous land empire in world history; the country later declared autonomy from the collapsing Qing dynasty in 1911, achieved full independence from China in 1921, and became the Mongolian People's Republic in 1924.

Facts

Capital

Ulaanbaatar 2

Population

3,591,120 2

Population Estimate Year

2025 2

Area (sq km)

1,564,116 2

Independence or Founding Year

1921 2

Mongolia declared autonomy from the Qing dynasty on 29 December 1911, but remained under nominal Chinese suzerainty; actual separation from China was achieved in 1921, and the Mongolian People's Republic was proclaimed in 1924. 1921 is recorded here as the year genuine independence took effect.

Landlocked

Yes 3

Income Group

Upper-Middle 4

Government Type

Republic 3

Classification

Sovereignty Status

UN Member State 1

Mongolia

FAQs

Do people in Mongolia still live in yurts and herd on horseback?

Yes, much of the country is still a land of gers and nomadic herders.

Many do. National Geographic describes Mongolia as mostly a land of yurts, known as gers, and nomadic herders who travel on horseback across the largest unfenced grasslands in the world.

Is Mongolia crowded?

No, its population density is about 2 people per square kilometer.

No. Mongolia has about 3.6 million people (2025 estimate) spread over 1,564,116 square kilometers, and Worldometers puts its population density at 2 people per square kilometer.

Connections

Associated With

Altai Mountains

East Asia

Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park

Source Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park (Wikipedia)

Lake Khovsgol

The Gobi Desert

The Mongolian-Manchurian Grassland

Ulaanbaatar

Ulaanbaatar is Mongolia's capital.

Source Ulaanbaatar (Wikipedia)

Borders

China

Source CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Mongolia

Russia

Source CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Mongolia

Has Capital

Ulaanbaatar

Ulaanbaatar is Mongolia's capital.

Source Ulaanbaatar (Wikipedia)

Rivers Through Territory

Yenisei River

The Yenisei rises in Mungaragiyn-gol in Mongolia.

Source Yenisei River (Wikipedia)

In the Other Atlases

Same As

Mongolia

Also in Divinity Atlas: the same subject.

Nationals Include

Sanjaasürengiin Oyun

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Sanjaasurengiin Oyun (Wikipedia)

Dulamyn Puntsag

Also in Law Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Wikidata: Dulamyn Puntsag

Erdenebalsuren Damdin

Also in Law Atlas: a national of this subject.

Nyam-Osoryn Uchral

Also in Political Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Nyam-Osoryn Uchral (Wikipedia)Lead

Quote, Lead

Nyam-Osoryn Uchral (born 2 January 1987) is a Mongolian politician, businessman and former hip-hop artist who has been the Prime Minister of Mongolia since 30 March 2026 and the Chairman of the Mongolian People's Party since 15 November 2025.

Öljei Temür Khan

Also in Political Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Öljei Temür Khan (Wikipedia)Lead, country

Quote, Lead, country

was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty

Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa

Also in Space and Astronomy Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa (Orbit Codex)Profile lead paragraph

Quote, Profile lead paragraph

Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa (born 5 December 1947 in Gurvanbulag, Bulgan, Mongolia) is a retired Mongolian cosmonaut with ROSCOSMOS, selected in 1978 as part of Intercosmos Group.

Saeid Mollaei

Also in Sport and Games Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Saeid Mollaei (Wikipedia)Lead, nationality

Quote, Lead, nationality

is an Iranian-born Mongolian half-middleweight judoka

Uyanga Bataa

Also in Sport and Games Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Uyanga Bataa (Wikipedia)Lead

Quote, Lead

is a professional female bodybuilder from Mongolia

Origin Of

Mongolian Architecture

Also in Architecture and Design Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Boodog

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Boortsog

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Boortsog (Wikipedia)tier 3

Buuz

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Khorkhog

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Mongolian Barbecue

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Mongolian beef

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Mongolian Cuisine

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Mongolian Cuisine (Wikipedia)tier 3

Tsampa

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Tsampa (Wikipedia)tier 3

Tsuivan

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Yak

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Börte

Also in History Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Börte

Genghis Khan

Also in History Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Genghis Khan

Hulagu Khan

Also in History Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Subutai

Also in History Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Subutai

Mongolian Script

Also in Language Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Old Turkic Script

Also in Language Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Mongols

Also in Society and Culture Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Sky Burial

Also in Society and Culture Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Wikipedia: Sky Burialopening linestier 3

Quote, opening lines

Sky burials are endemic to Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Inner Mongolia, as well as in Mongolia, Nepal, Bhutan, and parts of India such as Sikkim

Location Of

Qing Conquest of the Ming

Also in War and Military Atlas: which took place in this subject.

Source Wikipedia: Transition from Ming to QingInfobox: locationtier 4

Quote, Infobox: location

Modern-day Mainland China, Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan and parts of Russia, Central Asia and Southeast Asia

Site Of

Bogd Khan Palace

Also in Architecture and Design Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Source Winter Palace of the Bogd Khan, Wikipedia

Inscription of Yanran

Also in Arts and Music Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Source Inscription of Yanran (Wikipedia)

Bilge Khagan

Also in Divinity Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Burkhan Khaldun

Also in Divinity Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Sakya Pandita

Also in Divinity Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Zanabazar

Also in Divinity Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Asia-Africa Growth Corridor

Also in Economics Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Bank of Mongolia

Also in Economics Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Greater Tumen Initiative

Also in Economics Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Found There

Anaplasmosis

Also in Agriculture and Farming Atlas: found in this subject.

Dzo

Also in Agriculture and Farming Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Dzo (Wikipedia)tier 2

Yak

Also in Agriculture and Farming Atlas: found in this subject.

Altai Mountains

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Altai Mountains

Baruungoyot Formation

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Darkhad Valley

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Darkhad Valley

Djadochta Formation

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Nemegt Formation

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Orkhon Valley

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Orkhon Valley

Potanin Glacier

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Potanin Glacier

Valley of the Lakes

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Valley of the Lakes

Old Turkic

Also in Language Atlas: found in this subject.

Old Uyghur

Also in Language Atlas: found in this subject.

Uyghur language

Also in Language Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Glottolog: Glottolog languoid page: UighurCountries

Quote, Countries

Mongolia [MN]

Constitution of Mongolia

Also in Law Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Constitution of Mongolia

Law of Mongolia

Also in Law Atlas: found in this subject.

Law of the Soviet Union

Also in Law Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Law of the Soviet Union (Wikipedia)

Supreme Court of Mongolia

Also in Law Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Mongolia Supreme Court English site, history pageHistory

Quote, History

The Supreme Court of Mongolia is the highest judicial organ of the State and the court of last resort.

Achillea millefolium