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Country

Mongolia

Eastern Asia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Its terrain ranges from the Gobi Desert in the south to cold, mountainous regions in the north and west, part of the wider Mongolian Plateau. Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire here in 1206, which became the largest contiguous land empire in world history; the country later declared autonomy from the collapsing Qing dynasty in 1911, achieved full independence from China in 1921, and became the Mongolian People's Republic in 1924.

Facts
Capital
Ulaanbaatar 2
Population
3,591,120 2
Population Estimate Year
2025 2
Area (sq km)
1,564,116 2
Independence or Founding Year
1921 2
Mongolia declared autonomy from the Qing dynasty on 29 December 1911, but remained under nominal Chinese suzerainty; actual separation from China was achieved in 1921, and the Mongolian People's Republic was proclaimed in 1924. 1921 is recorded here as the year genuine independence took effect.
Landlocked
Yes 3
Income Group
Upper-Middle 4
Government Type
Republic 3
Classification
Sovereignty Status
UN Member State 1
Mongolia

Cities

Altai

Mongolia

Arvaikheer

Mongolia

Bagakhangai

Mongolia

Baganuur

Mongolia

Baruun-Urt

Mongolia

Bayankhongor

Mongolia

Bayannur

Mongolia

Bor-Öndör

Mongolia

Bulgan

Mongolia

Chifeng

Mongolia

Chinggis City

Mongolia

Choibalsan

Mongolia

Choir

Mongolia

Dalanzadgad

Mongolia

Darkhan

Mongolia

Erdenet

Mongolia

Hulunbuir

Mongolia

Kharkhorin

Mongolia

Khovd

Mongolia

Mandalgovi

Mongolia

Mörön

Mongolia

Nalaikh

Mongolia

Ordos City

Mongolia

Sainshand

Mongolia

Sharyngol

Mongolia

Sükhbaatar

Mongolia

Tongliao

Mongolia

Tosontsengel

Mongolia

Tsetserleg

Mongolia

Ulaanbaatar

Mongolia

Ulaangom

Mongolia

Ulanqab

Mongolia

Uliastai

Mongolia

Wuhai

Mongolia

Zamyn-Üüd

Mongolia

Zuunmod

Mongolia

Züünkharaa

Mongolia

Ölgii

Mongolia
FAQs

Do people in Mongolia still live in yurts and herd on horseback?

Yes, much of the country is still a land of gers and nomadic herders.

Many do. National Geographic describes Mongolia as mostly a land of yurts, known as gers, and nomadic herders who travel on horseback across the largest unfenced grasslands in the world.

Is Mongolia crowded?

No, its population density is about 2 people per square kilometer.

No. Mongolia has about 3.6 million people (2025 estimate) spread over 1,564,116 square kilometers, and Worldometers puts its population density at 2 people per square kilometer.
Connections

Associated With

Altai Mountains, Landforms
East Asia, Regions
Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park, Protected Areas
Source Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park (Wikipedia)
Lake Khovsgol, Bodies of Water
The Gobi Desert, Landforms
The Mongolian-Manchurian Grassland, Landforms
Ulaanbaatar, Cities

Ulaanbaatar is Mongolia's capital.

Source Ulaanbaatar (Wikipedia)

Borders

China, Countries
Source CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Mongolia
Russia, Countries
Source CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Mongolia

Has Capital

Ulaanbaatar, Cities

Ulaanbaatar is Mongolia's capital.

Source Ulaanbaatar (Wikipedia)

Rivers Through Territory

Yenisei River, Bodies of Water

The Yenisei rises in Mungaragiyn-gol in Mongolia.

Source Yenisei River (Wikipedia)
In the Other Atlases

Same As

Mongolia

Also in Divinity Atlas: the same subject.

Nationals Include

Sanjaasürengiin Oyun

Also in Earth and Environment Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Sanjaasurengiin Oyun (Wikipedia)
Dulamyn Puntsag

Also in Law Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Wikidata: Dulamyn Puntsag
Erdenebalsuren Damdin

Also in Law Atlas: a national of this subject.

Nyam-Osoryn Uchral

Also in Political Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Nyam-Osoryn Uchral (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
Nyam-Osoryn Uchral (born 2 January 1987) is a Mongolian politician, businessman and former hip-hop artist who has been the Prime Minister of Mongolia since 30 March 2026 and the Chairman of the Mongolian People's Party since 15 November 2025.
Öljei Temür Khan

Also in Political Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Öljei Temür Khan (Wikipedia)Lead, country
Quote, Lead, country
was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty
Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa

Also in Space and Astronomy Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa (Orbit Codex)Profile lead paragraph
Quote, Profile lead paragraph
Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa (born 5 December 1947 in Gurvanbulag, Bulgan, Mongolia) is a retired Mongolian cosmonaut with ROSCOSMOS, selected in 1978 as part of Intercosmos Group.
Saeid Mollaei

Also in Sport and Games Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Saeid Mollaei (Wikipedia)Lead, nationality
Quote, Lead, nationality
is an Iranian-born Mongolian half-middleweight judoka
Uyanga Bataa

Also in Sport and Games Atlas: a national of this subject.

Source Uyanga Bataa (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
is a professional female bodybuilder from Mongolia

Origin Of

Mongolian Architecture

Also in Architecture and Design Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Boodog

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Boortsog

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Boortsog (Wikipedia)tier 3
Buuz

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Khorkhog

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Mongolian Barbecue

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Mongolian beef

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Mongolian Cuisine

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Mongolian Cuisine (Wikipedia)tier 3
Tsampa

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Tsampa (Wikipedia)tier 3
Tsuivan

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Yak

Also in Food and Drink Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Börte

Also in History Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Börte
Genghis Khan

Also in History Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Genghis Khan
Hulagu Khan

Also in History Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Subutai

Also in History Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Wikidata: Subutai
Mongolian Script

Also in Language Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Old Turkic Script

Also in Language Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Mongols

Also in Society and Culture Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Sky Burial

Also in Society and Culture Atlas: which originated in this subject.

Source Wikipedia: Sky Burialopening linestier 3
Quote, opening lines
Sky burials are endemic to Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Inner Mongolia, as well as in Mongolia, Nepal, Bhutan, and parts of India such as Sikkim

Location Of

Qing Conquest of the Ming

Also in War and Military Atlas: which took place in this subject.

Source Wikipedia: Transition from Ming to QingInfobox: locationtier 4
Quote, Infobox: location
Modern-day Mainland China, Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan and parts of Russia, Central Asia and Southeast Asia

Site Of

Bogd Khan Palace

Also in Architecture and Design Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Source Winter Palace of the Bogd Khan, Wikipedia
Inscription of Yanran

Also in Arts and Music Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Source Inscription of Yanran (Wikipedia)
Bilge Khagan

Also in Divinity Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Burkhan Khaldun

Also in Divinity Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Sakya Pandita

Also in Divinity Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Zanabazar

Also in Divinity Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Asia-Africa Growth Corridor

Also in Economics Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Bank of Mongolia

Also in Economics Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Greater Tumen Initiative

Also in Economics Atlas: which is located in this subject.

Found There

Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Common Butterwort

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Common Juniper

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Common pochard

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Common Roach

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Common Yarrow

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Corn crake

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Corsac fox

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Corsac fox (Wikipedia)Lead, Mongolia
Quote, Lead, Mongolia
ranging into Mongolia and northern China
Cricket

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Dalmatian Pelican

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Daurian ground squirrel

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Daurian ground squirrel (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
It is found in China, Mongolia, and Russia.
Desert hare

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Desert hare (Wikipedia)Distribution and habitat
Quote, Distribution and habitat
its range extending from western and northern Pakistan through Afghanistan, into eastern Tajikistan, southeastern Kyrgyzstan, parts of Mongolia
Dill

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Drugstore beetle

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Dwarf Horsetail

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Ephedra Sinica

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Equisetum Arvense

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Equisetum palustre

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Equus ovodovi

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Equus ovodovi (Wikipedia)Evolution and extinction, where it lives
Quote, Evolution and extinction, where it lives
with the youngest remains dating to around 3900 and 3400 years ago (~1900 and 1400 BC) in Mongolia and Northern China, respectively.
Eurasian Steppe

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

European Perch

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Fagopyrum tataricum

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Field Horsetail

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Forked Spleenwort

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Gobi Desert

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Goitered Gazelle

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Goitered gazelle (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
The goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) or black-tailed gazelle is a gazelle native to Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran, parts of Iraq and Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and in northwestern China and Mongolia.
Gray marmot

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Gray marmot (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
It is found in Xinjiang Province in China, southeastern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and in the Altai and Tien Shan Mountains in southeastern Siberia in Russia.
Great gerbil

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Great gerbil (Wikipedia)Distribution and habitat
Quote, Distribution and habitat
They are found in Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran
Great Pond Snail

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Gypsy Moth

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Helichrysum arenarium

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Juniperus communis

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Larix sibirica

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Long-tailed ground squirrel

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Long-tailed ground squirrel (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
It is found in China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia.
Lycopodium Clavatum

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Marsh Horsetail

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Meadow Buttercup

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Meadow Horsetail

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Mealworm

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Midday jird

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Midday jird (Wikipedia)Distribution and habitat
Quote, Distribution and habitat
The midday jird's range extends from Iran, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia to Afghanistan, Mongolia and western China.
Mole Cricket

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Mongolian Gazelle

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Mongolian gazelle (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
The Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa), or dzeren (Russian: дзерен), is a medium-sized antelope native to the semiarid Central Asian steppes of Mongolia, southern Siberia and northern China.
Mongolian gerbil

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Mongolian gerbil (Wikipedia)Habitat
Quote, Habitat
Mongolian gerbils inhabit grassland, shrubland and desert, including semidesert and steppes in China, Mongolia, and Russia
Mongolian grayling

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Mongolian Steppe

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Mountain weasel

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Mountain weasel (Wikipedia)Lead, where it lives
Quote, Lead, where it lives
Geographical distribution for this species lies in parts of Asia from Kazakhstan, Tibet, and the Himalayas to Mongolia, northeastern China, and southern Siberia.
Northern hog badger

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Northern hog badger (Wikipedia)Section: Distribution, where it lives
Quote, Section: Distribution, where it lives
An isolated record is known from eastern Mongolia.
Northern Pike

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Nuphar pumila

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Source Nuphar pumila (Wikipedia)Distribution
Quote, Distribution
Nuphar pumila is native to China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Austria, Germany, France, Spain, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Poland.
Nymphaea candida

Also in Nature Atlas: found in this subject.

Showing 51 to 100 of 144 in Found There, page 2 of 3.

Sources
1. Member States of the United Nations (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIntroduction
Quote, Introduction
The United Nations comprise 193 sovereign states and the world's largest intergovernmental organization.
View the Source
2. Mongolia (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Lead section
    the largest contiguous land empire in world history
  • Infobox, Capital
    Ulaanbaatar
  • Infobox, Population
    2025 estimate: 3,591,120
  • Lead section
    It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometers (603,909 square miles), making it the 18th-largest country in the world and the second largest landlocked nation after Kazakhstan, as well as the largest landlocked country that does not border an inland sea.
View the Source
3. CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive): The World Factbook archive: Mongolia
CIA World Factbook (factbook.json archive)
  • Geography, Coastline
    0 km (landlocked)
  • Government, Government type
    semi-presidential republic
  • Borders: China, Geography, Land boundaries, border countries
    China 4,630 km
  • Borders: Russia, Geography, Land boundaries, border countries
    Russia 3,452 km
View the Source
4. World Bank Open Data: World Bank Open Data, country list with income level
World Bank Open DataCountry record MNG, incomeLevel
Quote, Country record MNG, incomeLevel
"name": "Mongolia", "region": { "id": "EAS", "iso2code": "Z4", "value": "East Asia \u0026 Pacific" }, "adminregion": { "id": "EAP", "iso2code": "4E", "value": "East Asia \u0026 Pacific (excluding high income)" }, "incomeLevel": { "id": "UMC", "iso2code": "XT", "value": "Upper middle income" }
View the Source
Wikidata: Mongolia
Wikidata Q711, class allow-list match (w-wdresolver-0926)View the Source
Ulaanbaatar (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Associated With: Ulaanbaatar, Lead section
  • Has Capital: Ulaanbaatar, Lead section, capital fact
    Ulaanbaatar is the capital and largest city of Mongolia.
View the Source
Yenisei River (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationRivers Through Territory: Yenisei River, Lead section
Quote, Rivers Through Territory: Yenisei River, Lead section
Beginning in Mungaragiyn-gol in Mongolia, it follows a northerly course through the Krasnoyarsk Dam before draining into the Yenisei Gulf in the Kara Sea.
View the Source
Wikidata: Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park
Encompasses: Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park, Wikidata item, property P17 (country)View the Source
List of cities in Mongolia (Wikipedia)
  • Encompasses: Nalaikh, Lead
    This list includes cities in Mongolia of more than 7,500 inhabitants.
  • Encompasses: Baganuur, Lead
    This list includes cities in Mongolia of more than 7,500 inhabitants.
  • Encompasses: Züünkharaa, Lead
    This list includes cities in Mongolia of more than 7,500 inhabitants.
  • Encompasses: Zamyn-Üüd, Lead
    This list includes cities in Mongolia of more than 7,500 inhabitants.
  • Encompasses: Kharkhorin, Lead
    This list includes cities in Mongolia of more than 7,500 inhabitants.
  • Encompasses: Bor-Öndör, Lead
    This list includes cities in Mongolia of more than 7,500 inhabitants.
  • Encompasses: Sharyngol, Lead
    This list includes cities in Mongolia of more than 7,500 inhabitants.
  • Encompasses: Tosontsengel, Lead
    This list includes cities in Mongolia of more than 7,500 inhabitants.
View the Source
Bagakhangai (Wikipedia)
Encompasses: Bagakhangai, Lead section
Quote, Encompasses: Bagakhangai, Lead section
is one of nine düüregs (districts) of the Mongolian capital of Ulaanbaatar
View the Source

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